Issue 9, 2021

Molecular doping of near-infrared organic photodetectors for photoplethysmogram sensors

Abstract

Doping is a common strategy in the field of semiconductor technology but its employment in organic photodetectors (OPDs) has been limited due to the typical uncontrollable increase of the dark currents. This study introduces three different molecular dopants, including p-type tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, n-type benzyl viologen, and (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl)dimethylamine, for near-infrared poly[[2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3,6-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl]-alt-[3′,3′′-dimethyl-2,2′:5′,2′′-terthiophene]-5,5′′-diyl]:[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PMDPP3T:PC61BM) bulk-heterojunction OPDs. The results show that OPDs with optimal 0.02 wt% dopants exhibit low dark current (3.18 × 10−8 A cm−2), high detectivity (5.56 × 1012 Jones), and good environmental stability for ∼2 months. These doped OPDs are further used for pulse wave monitoring, which exhibit stable waveforms and can distinguish slow and fast heartbeat rates.

Graphical abstract: Molecular doping of near-infrared organic photodetectors for photoplethysmogram sensors

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
25 Nov 2020
Accepted
11 Jan 2021
First published
12 Jan 2021

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021,9, 3129-3135

Author version available

Molecular doping of near-infrared organic photodetectors for photoplethysmogram sensors

B. Wang, A. D. Scaccabarozzi, H. Wang, M. Koizumi, M. I. Nugraha, Y. Lin, Y. Firdaus, Y. Wang, S. Lee, T. Yokota, T. D. Anthopoulos and T. Someya, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 3129 DOI: 10.1039/D0TC05549B

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