Access to high-performance Li-rich layered oxide cathodes via ammonium phosphate surface treatment

Abstract

Ammonium phosphate ((NH₄)₃PO₄) has been first used as a surface treatment reagent for Li-rich cathode materials. Compared to the conventional surface treatment, the samples treated with (NH₄)₃PO₄ exhibit an ultra-high initial Coulomb efficiency of 98.0% and excellent cycling stability. This is mainly attributed to the simultaneous construction of surface integrated structures, including oxygen vacancies, spinel phases, and Li₃PO₄ coating. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ammonium phosphate surface treatment and provides a new idea for designing other cathode materials.