Issue 6, 2008

Visualizing the spatial distribution of secondary metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria and sponges via MALDI-TOF imaging

Abstract

Marine cyanobacteria and sponges are prolific sources of natural products with therapeutic applications. In this paper we introduce a mass spectrometry based approach to characterize the spatial distribution of these natural products from intact organisms of differing complexities. The natural product MALDI-TOF-imaging (npMALDI-I) approach readily identified a number of metabolites from the cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula 3L and JHB, Oscillatoria nigro-viridis, Lyngbya bouillonii, and a Phormidium species, even when they were present as mixtures. For example, jamaicamide B, a well established natural product from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula JHB, was readily detected as were the ions that correspond to the natural products curacin A and curazole from Lyngbya majuscula 3L. In addition to these known natural products, a large number of unknown ions co-localized with the different cyanobacteria, providing an indication that this method can be used for dereplication and drug discovery strategies. Finally, npMALDI-I was used to observe the secondary metabolites found within the sponge Dysidea herbacea. From these sponge data, more than 40 ions were shown to be co-localized, many of which were halogenated. The npMALDI-I data on the sponge indicates that, based on the differential distribution of secondary metabolites, sponges have differential chemical micro-environments within their tissues. Our data demonstrate that npMALDI-I can be used to provide spatial distribution of natural products, from single strands of cyanobacteria to the very complex marine assemblage of a sponge.

Graphical abstract: Visualizing the spatial distribution of secondary metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria and sponges via MALDI-TOF imaging

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
03 Jan 2008
Accepted
04 Feb 2008
First published
06 Mar 2008

Mol. BioSyst., 2008,4, 562-570

Visualizing the spatial distribution of secondary metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria and sponges via MALDI-TOF imaging

E. Esquenazi, C. Coates, L. Simmons, D. Gonzalez, W. H. Gerwick and P. C. Dorrestein, Mol. BioSyst., 2008, 4, 562 DOI: 10.1039/B720018H

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