High shear in situ exfoliation of 2D gallium oxide sheets from centrifugally derived thin films of liquid gallium

Kasturi Vimalanathan; Timotheos Palmer; Zoe Gardner; Irene Ling; Soraya Rahpeima; Sait Elmas; Jason R. Gascooke; Christopher T. Gibson; Qiang Sun; Jin Zou; Mats R. Andersson; Nadim Darwish; Colin L. Raston

doi:10.1039/D1NA00598G

High shear in situ exfoliation of 2D gallium oxide sheets from centrifugally derived thin films of liquid gallium†

Kasturi Vimalanathan,

*^a Timotheos Palmer,^a Zoe Gardner,^a Irene Ling,

^b Soraya Rahpeima,^ac Sait Elmas,

^a Jason R. Gascooke,

^ad Christopher T. Gibson,

^ad Qiang Sun,

^ef Jin Zou,

^ef Mats R. Andersson,

^a Nadim Darwish

^c and Colin L. Raston

*^a

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
E-mail: kasturi.vimalanathan@flinders.edu.au, colin.raston@flinders.edu.au

^b School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia

^c School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute for Functional Molecule and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia

^d Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia

^e Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

^f Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Abstract

A diversity of two-dimensional nanomaterials has recently emerged with recent attention turning to the post-transition metal elements, in particular material derived from liquid metals and eutectic melts below 330 °C where processing is more flexible and in the temperature regime suitable for industry. This has been explored for liquid gallium using an angled vortex fluidic device (VFD) to fabricate ultrathin gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) sheets under continuous flow conditions. We have established the nanosheets to form highly insulating material and have electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, with a Tafel slope of 39 mV dec⁻¹ revealing promoting effects of the surface oxidation (passivation layer).

Nanoscale Advances

High shear in situ exfoliation of 2D gallium oxide sheets from centrifugally derived thin films of liquid gallium†

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High shear in situ exfoliation of 2D gallium oxide sheets from centrifugally derived thin films of liquid gallium

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