New nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts with increased selectivity and stability

Abstract

In this perspective, several examples of work from our laboratory are reported where colloidal or self-assembly chemistry has been used to design new catalysts with specific properties. In the first, platinum nanoparticles with well-defined shapes have been dispersed on a high-surface-area silica support in order to take advantage of the structure sensitivity exhibited by the interconversion between the cis and trans isomers of olefins. The second case involves the use of dendrimers as scaffolding structures to prepare catalysts with small platinum nanoparticles of well-defined size. Reduced sintering of metal nanoparticles on supported catalysts is accomplished in our third example via their encapsulation inside a layer of mesoporous silica deposited on top, after metal dispersion, and etched using a newly developed surface-protection process. The final project refers to the use of yolk@shell metal-oxide systems as nanoreactors for photocatalysis. In all those examples, new synthetic nanotechnology has been directed to address a specific issue in catalysis previously identified by surface-science studies.