Issue 5, 2011

Preventing metal-mediated oxidative DNA damage with selenium compounds

Abstract

Copper and iron are two widely studied transition metals associated with hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generation, oxidative damage, and disease development. Because antioxidants ameliorate metal-mediated DNA damage, DNA gel electrophoresis assays were used to quantify the ability of ten selenium-containing compounds to inhibit metal-mediated DNA damage by hydroxyl radical. In the CuI/H2O2 system, selenocystine, selenomethionine, and methyl-selenocysteine inhibit DNA damage with IC50 values ranging from 3.34 to 25.1 μM. Four selenium compounds also prevent DNA damage from FeII and H2O2. Additional gel electrophoresis experiments indicate that CuI or FeII coordination is responsible for the selenium antioxidant activity. Mass spectrometry studies show that a 1 : 1 stoichiometry is the most common for iron and copper complexes of the tested compounds, even if no antioxidant activity is observed, suggesting that metal coordination is necessary but not sufficient for selenium antioxidant activity. A majority of the selenium compounds are electroactive, regardless of antioxidant activity, and the glutathione peroxidase activities of the selenium compounds show no correlation to DNA damage inhibition. Thus, metal binding is a primary mechanism of selenium antioxidant activity, and both the chemical functionality of the selenium compound and the metal ion generating damaging hydroxyl radical significantly affect selenium antioxidant behavior.

Graphical abstract: Preventing metal-mediated oxidative DNA damage with selenium compounds

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 Oct 2010
Accepted
18 Jan 2011
First published
02 Feb 2011

Metallomics, 2011,3, 503-512

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