Issue 13, 2012

Industrial graphene metrology

Abstract

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon whose structure is based on one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Its unique electrical and optical properties raised worldwide interest towards the design and fabrication of future electronic and optical devices with unmatched performance. At the moment, extensive efforts are underway to evaluate the reliability and performance of a number of such devices. With the recent advances in synthesizing large-area graphene sheets, engineers have begun investigating viable methodologies for conducting graphene metrology and quality control at industrial scales to understand a variety of reliability issues including defects, patternability, electrical, and physical properties. This review summarizes the current state of industrial graphene metrology and provides an overview of graphene metrology techniques. In addition, a recently developed large-area graphene metrology technique based on fluorescence quenching is introduced. For each metrology technique, the industrial metrics it measures are identified – layer thickness, edge structure, defects, Fermi level, and thermal conductivity – and a detailed description is provided as to how the measurements are performed. Additionally, the potential advantages of each technique for industrial use are identified, including throughput, scalability, sensitivity to substrate/environment, and on their demonstrated ability to achieve quantified results. The recently developed fluorescence-quenching metrology technique is shown to meet all the necessary criteria for industrial applications, rendering it the first industry-ready graphene metrology technique.

Graphical abstract: Industrial graphene metrology

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
11 Jan 2012
Accepted
20 Mar 2012
First published
22 Mar 2012

Nanoscale, 2012,4, 3807-3819

Industrial graphene metrology

J. R. Kyle, C. S. Ozkan and M. Ozkan, Nanoscale, 2012, 4, 3807 DOI: 10.1039/C2NR30093A

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