Issue 44, 2013

Synthon preference in O-protonated amide crystals – dominance of short strong hydrogen bonds

Abstract

Although the amide functional group is weakly ionizable, there have been serendipitous discoveries of amide salts. To facilitate their systematic design, we sought to identify the preference of 12 possible synthons in oxygen protonated amide structures. An analysis of a total of 81 protonated amide crystal structures retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database and 12 new protonated amide structures prepared by us, revealed that ∼86% of these structures involving charge assisted short strong hydrogen bonds, including ∼54% of the hydrogen bridged dimers formed between protonated and neutral amide. The probability of forming hydrogen bridged dimers increases in the order of primary amide < secondary amide < tertiary amide. The two previously missing synthons, R22(8) and R12(6), in primary amides are realized for the first time in this work. However, the two predicted ring (R) hydrogen bonding synthons, R22(8) and R12(6), for cis secondary amides remain to be discovered.

Graphical abstract: Synthon preference in O-protonated amide crystals – dominance of short strong hydrogen bonds

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
28 Jun 2013
Accepted
24 Jul 2013
First published
29 Jul 2013

CrystEngComm, 2013,15, 8941-8946

Synthon preference in O-protonated amide crystals – dominance of short strong hydrogen bonds

S. R. Perumalla and C. C. Sun, CrystEngComm, 2013, 15, 8941 DOI: 10.1039/C3CE41271G

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