Monitoring helical twists and effective molarities in dinuclear triple-stranded lanthanide helicates

Abstract

The replacement of terminal benzimidazole–pyridine binding units in the neutral di-tridentate segmental ligand L1 with phenanthroline in L10 reduces the number of torsional degrees of freedom by two units. Reactions of these ligands with trivalent europium or lutetium cations yield structurally similar self-assembled dinuclear triple-stranded [Ln₂(Lkkk)₃]⁶⁺ complexes, thus demonstrating that the increased rigidity of the strand in L10 is compatible with its helical twist. With the larger lanthanum cations, the metallic coordination spheres are completed with two terminal axial triflate counter-anions to give [La₂(L10)₃(CF₃SO₃)₂]⁴⁺. Thermodynamic investigations in acetonitrile confirm the minor constraints produced by the planar phenanthroline unit in L10 leading to comparable effective molarities EM^Eu,L1L1L1 ≈ EM^Eu,L10L10L10 = 10^−3.9(4) M with mid-range Eu^III cations. The striking minute effective molarities EM^Ln,LnLnLn^-2H ≈ 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁹ M obtained upon the replacement of terminal phenanthrolines with structurally analogous fused hydroxyquinolines in L9 can be thus unambiguously assigned to solvation effects, a new tool for controlling complexity in metal-induced self-assembly processes.