Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules

Rebecca Boll; Arnaud Rouzée; Marcus Adolph; Denis Anielski; Andrew Aquila; Sadia Bari; Cédric Bomme; Christoph Bostedt; John D. Bozek; Henry N. Chapman; Lauge Christensen; Ryan Coffee; Niccola Coppola; Sankar De; Piero Decleva; Sascha W. Epp; Benjamin Erk; Frank Filsinger; Lutz Foucar; Tais Gorkhover; Lars Gumprecht; André Hömke; Lotte Holmegaard; Per Johnsson; Jens S. Kienitz; Thomas Kierspel; Faton Krasniqi; Kai-Uwe Kühnel; Jochen Maurer; Marc Messerschmidt; Robert Moshammer; Nele L. M. Müller; Benedikt Rudek; Evgeny Savelyev; Ilme Schlichting; Carlo Schmidt; Frank Scholz; Sebastian Schorb; Joachim Schulz; Jörn Seltmann; Mauro Stener; Stephan Stern; Simone Techert; Jan Thøgersen; Sebastian Trippel; Jens Viefhaus; Marc Vrakking; Henrik Stapelfeldt; Jochen Küpper; Joachim Ullrich; Artem Rudenko; Daniel Rolles

doi:10.1039/C4FD00037D

Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules

Rebecca Boll,^abc Arnaud Rouzée,^de Marcus Adolph,^f Denis Anielski,^abc Andrew Aquila,^gh Sadia Bari,^h Cédric Bomme,^a Christoph Bostedt,ⁱ John D. Bozek,ⁱ Henry N. Chapman,^gjk Lauge Christensen,^l Ryan Coffee,ⁱ Niccola Coppola,^gh Sankar De,^mn Piero Decleva,^o Sascha W. Epp,^abcp Benjamin Erk,^abc Frank Filsinger,^q Lutz Foucar,^br Tais Gorkhover,^f Lars Gumprecht,^g André Hömke,^ab Lotte Holmegaard,^gm Per Johnsson,^s Jens S. Kienitz,^gk Thomas Kierspel,^gk Faton Krasniqi,^bpr Kai-Uwe Kühnel,^c Jochen Maurer,^m Marc Messerschmidt,ⁱ Robert Moshammer,^bc Nele L. M. Müller,^g Benedikt Rudek,^bct Evgeny Savelyev,^aw Ilme Schlichting,^r Carlo Schmidt,^bc Frank Scholz,^a Sebastian Schorb,ⁱ Joachim Schulz,^gh Jörn Seltmann,^a Mauro Stener,^o Stephan Stern,^gj Simone Techert,^abvw Jan Thøgersen,^m Sebastian Trippel,^g Jens Viefhaus,^a Marc Vrakking,^de Henrik Stapelfeldt,^m Jochen Küpper,^bgjkq Joachim Ullrich,^bct Artem Rudenko^bcu and Daniel Rolles*^abr

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
E-mail: daniel.rolles@desy.de

^b Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

^c Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

^d Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany

^e FOM-Institute AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands

^f Technische Universität Berlin, 10643 Berlin, Germany

^g Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

^h European XFEL GmbH, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

ⁱ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA

^j Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

^k Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

^l Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

^m Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

ⁿ Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 700064 Kolkata, India

^o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy

^p Max Planck Institute for Structural Dynamics, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

^q Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany

^r Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

^s Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden

^t Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany

^u J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA

^v Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

^w Institute of X-ray Physics, 37077 Göttingen University, Germany

Abstract

This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump–probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray free-electron laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C₈H₅F) and dissociating, laser-aligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C₆H₄Br₂) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.

This article is part of the themed collection: Emerging Photon Technologies for Chemical Dynamics

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Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules

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