Nitroarenes can be reduced in high yields to the corresponding anilines using zinc metal and NH4Cl in water without any organic solvent at 80 °C with a simple procedure at low cost. The procedure is powerful enough to reduce sterically hindered 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene and is chemoselective for nitro groups; ester, amide and halide substituents on aromatic rings are unaffected.
Organic reaction in water. Part 5. Novel synthesis of anilines by zinc metal-mediated chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes
T. Tsukinoki and H. Tsuzuki, Green Chem., 2001, 3, 37 DOI: 10.1039/B008219H
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