The realization of sub-nanosecond pump and probe experiments at the ESRF

Abstract

We present beamline ID09B that is designed for pump and probe experiments to 50 ps time-resolution. The beamline has been refurbished with a narrow-bandwidth undulator for Laue diffraction and diffraction from liquids. The new undulator has 235 poles, a 17 mm magnetic period and is operated at 6.5 mm gap. It produces a spectral flux of 2.0 × 10⁸ photon/0.1% bw/pulse (10 mA) at the fundamental at 15.5 keV and an integral flux of 1.1 × 10¹⁰ photon pulse⁻¹ in a 2.5% bandwidth. The optics has been renewed with a high-precision toroidal mirror and a cryogenic monochromator. The X-ray chopper used for single pulse selection is also described together with the femtosecond laser. Finally the diffraction from excited iodine molecules in CCl₄ is investigated on the nanosecond time-scale. It turns out that the high-angle scattering is insensitive to the thermal chock from the laser; these oscillations are therefore readily used for structure determination. Conversely, the low-angle scattering probes the hydrodynamics of the liquid over longer length scales and the oscillations are believed to originate from thermal stress and expansion of the solvent.