Voltammetric detection of lead(ii) and mercury(ii) using a carbon paste electrode modified with thiol self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (SAMMS)

Abstract

The anodic stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with thiol terminated self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (SH-SAMMS) provides a new sensor for simultaneous detection of lead (Pb²⁺) and mercury (Hg²⁺) in aqueous solutions. The overall analysis involved a two-step procedure: an accumulation step at open circuit, followed by medium exchange to a pure electrolyte solution for the stripping analysis. Factors affecting the performance of the SH-SAMMS modified electrodes were investigated, including electrode activation and regeneration, electrode composition, preconcentration time, electrolysis time, and composition of electrolysis and stripping media. The most sensitive and reliable electrode contained 20% SH-SAMMS and 80% carbon paste. The optimal operating conditions were a sequence with a 2 min preconcentration period, then a 60 s electrolysis period of the preconcentrated species in 0.2 M nitric acid, followed by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry from −1.0 V to 0.6 V in 0.2 M nitric acid. The areas of the peak responses were linear with respect to metal ion concentrations in the ranges of 10–1500 ppb Pb²⁺ and 20–1600 ppb Hg²⁺. The detection limits for Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ were 0.5 ppb Pb²⁺ and 3 ppb Hg²⁺ after a 20 min preconcentration period.