The chemical effects of molecular sol–gel entrapment

Abstract

Chemical conversions within the cages of doped sol–gel porous oxides take place with unique advantages over reactions in solution as the glassy matrix has tremendous effects on the reactivity of the entrapped molecules. The chemical properties of sol–gel materials can be tailored in an immense range of values and chemists are increasingly achieving control on reactions taking place within these matrices, including crucially important photovoltaics. Highlighting recent major advancements, we show in this tutorial review how this is actually taking place.