Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) studies on disaccharides in the CH region: toward discrimination of the glycosidic linkage position

Abstract

The structural features of carbohydrates are a combination of 1) sequence and types of mono-sugars, 2) stereochemistry of their glycosidic linkages, and 3) their glycosidic linkage sites. We performed the first systematic VCD study on glycoside linking site discrimination. VCD spectra, in the CH stretching region from 2000 to 4000 cm⁻¹, of eleven glucobioses (trehalose (α1-α1), neotrehalose (α1-β1), isotrehalose (β1-β1), kojibiose (α1-2), nigerose (α1-3), maltose (α1-4), isomaltose (α1-6), sophorose (β1-2), laminaribiose (β1-3), cellobiose (β1-4), gentiobiose (β1-6)) suggested a possible new discrimination method for glyco analysis, while VCD spectra in the mid-IR region distinguished the stereochemistry (α or β) of the glycosidic linkage. Both reducing and nonreducing glucobioses showed different VCD spectral features compared to their constituent D-glucose and the anomer-fixed model compounds. Interresidue interaction such as hydrogen bonding was suggested to cause these spectral differences. Interplay between residues is a common phenomenon and thus VCD analysis could be applicable to other di-, oligo- or poly-saccharides. Several isotropic labeled compounds were also measured to support spectral assignment and interpretation.