Mesoscopic mass transport effects in electrocatalytic processes

Abstract

The role of mesoscopic mass transport and re-adsorption effects in electrocatalytic reactions was investigated using the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as an example. The electrochemical measurements were performed on structurally well-defined nanostructured model electrodes under controlled transport conditions in a thin-layer flow cell. The electrodes consist of arrays of Pt ultra-microelectrodes (nanodisks) of defined size (diameter ∼100 nm) separated on a planar glassy carbon (GC) substrate, which were fabricated employing hole-mask colloidal lithography (HCL). The measurements reveal a distinct variation in the ORR selectivity with Pt nanodisk density and with increasing electrolyte flow, showing a pronounced increase of the H₂O₂ yield, by up to 65%, when increasing the flow rate from 1 to 30 μL s⁻¹. These results are compared with previous findings and discussed in terms of a reaction model proposed recently (A. Schneider et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2008, 10, 1931), which includes (i) direct reduction to H₂O on the Pt surface and (ii) additional H₂O₂ formation and desorption on both Pt and carbon surfaces and subsequent partial re-adsorption and further reduction of the H₂O₂ molecules on the Pt surface. The potential of model studies on structurally defined catalyst surfaces and under well-defined mass transport conditions in combination with simulations for the description of electrocatalytic reactions is discussed.