The effects of moderate thermal treatments under air on LiFePO4-based nano powders

Abstract

The thermal behavior under air of LiFePO₄-based powders was investigated through the combination of several techniques such as temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopies. The reactivity with air at moderate temperatures depends on the particle size and leads to progressive displacement of Fe from the core structure yielding nano-size Fe₂O₃ and highly defective, oxidized Li_xFe_yPO₄ compositions whose unit-cell volume decreases dramatically when the temperature is raised between 400 and 600 K. The novel LiFePO₄-like compositions display new electrochemical reactivity when used as positive electrodes in Li batteries. Several redox phenomena between 3.4 V and 2.7 V vs.Li were discovered and followed by in-situX-ray diffraction, which revealed two distinct solid solution domains associated with highly anisotropic variations of the unit-cell constants.