Electrochemical behavior of antipyrine at a Bi2S3 modified glassy carbon electrode and its determination in pharmaceutical formulations

Abstract

A simple electrochemical method based on a Bi₂S₃ modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed to determine antipyrine using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Antipyrine shows a well-defined oxidation peak at the fabricated electrode in phosphate buffer solution and the oxidation peak current is much higher than that at the bare GCE, indicating that Bi₂S₃ can effectively improve the oxidation of antipyrine. Several effect factors on antipyrine determination were optimized, such as Bi₂S₃ amount, solution pH, scan rate and accumulation time. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current of antipyrine was proportional to its concentration in the range of 2.0 to 100 μM and 100 to 800 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9974 and 0.9956, respectively. The limit of detection was estimated to be 0.7 μM (S/N = 3). The developed method showed good reproducibility and excellent anti-interference performance. The fabricated electrode was successfully used to determine antipyrine in pharmaceutical formulations with recovery from 96% to 103.5%.