A facile method to prepare SnO2nanotubes for use in efficient SnO2–TiO2 core–shell dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

A high-efficiency photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) should combine the advantageous features of fast electron transport, slow interfacial electron recombination and large specific surface area. However, these three requirements usually cannot be achieved simultaneously in the present state-of-the-art research. Here we report a simple procedure to combine the three conflicting requirements by using porous SnO₂ nanotube–TiO₂ (SnO₂ NT–TiO₂) core–shell structured photoanodes for DSSCs. The SnO₂ nanotubes are prepared by electrospinning of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/tin dichloride dihydrate (SnCl₂·2H₂O) solution followed by direct sintering of the as-spun nanofibers. A possible evolution mechanism is proposed. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of the SnO₂ NT–TiO₂ core–shell structured DSSCs (∼5.11%) is above five times higher than that of SnO₂ nanotube (SnO₂ NT) DSSCs (∼0.99%). This PCE value is also higher than that of TiO₂ nanoparticles (P25) DSSCs (∼4.82%), even though the amount of dye molecules adsorbed to the SnO₂ NT–TiO₂ photoanode is less than half of that in the P25 film. This simple procedure provides a new approach to achieve the three conflicting requirements simultaneously, which has been demonstrated as a promising strategy to obtain high-efficiency DSSCs.