Synthesis of highly piezoelectric lead-free (K, Na)NbO3 one-dimensional perovskite nanostructures

Abstract

High-aspect-ratio single-crystalline KNN nanorods (length ∼10–20 μm and diameter ∼400 nm) are synthesized using a facile method based on a molten-salt reaction, whose formation mechanism has been revealed. The lead-free piezoelectric nanorods showing high piezoelectric coefficient d*₃₃ up to ∼230 pm V⁻¹ may be used in bio-sensing and energy-harvesting micro-devices.