Mitigation of CO poisoning on functionalized Pt–TiN surfaces

Abstract

It has been previously reported that the system of single Pt atoms embedded in N-vacancy (V_N) sites on the TiN(100) surface (Pt–TiN) could be a promising catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM FCs). The adsorption of molecules on Pt–TiN is an important step, when it is incorporated as the anode or cathode of PEM FCs. Utilizing first principles calculations based on density functional theory, systematic investigations are performed on the adsorption of several atomic and molecular species on the Pt–TiN system, as well as the co-adsorption of them. The favorable binding sites and adsorption energies of several molecular species, namely carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O₂), hydrogen (H₂), hydroxyl (OH), an oxygen atom (O), and a hydrogen atom (H), are explored. For each, the adsorption energy and preferred binding site are identified and the vibrational frequencies calculated. It is found that CO₂, CO and H prefer the Pt top site while OH and O favorably adsorb on the Ti top site. When CO and OH are co-adsorbed on the Pt–TiN(100) surface, OH weakens the adsorption of CO. The weakening effect is enhanced by increasing the coverage of OH. A similar behavior occurs for H and OH co-adsorption on the Pt–TiN(100) surface. Because co-adsorption with OH and H species weakens the adsorption of CO on Pt–TiN, it is expected that the acid and base conditions in PEM FCs could mitigate CO poisoning on functionalized Pt–TiN surfaces.