Issue 3, 2014
From the journal:

Green Chemistry

Catalyst-free transformation of levulinic acid into pyrrolidinones with formic acid†

Yawen Wei,a   Chao Wang,*a   Xue Jiang,a   Dong Xue,a   Zhao-Tie Liua  and  Jianliang Xiao*ab  

* Corresponding authors

a Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
E-mail: c.wang@snnu.edu.cn
Tel: +86-29-81530840

b Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
E-mail: j.xiao@liv.ac.uk

Abstract

Levulinic acid (LA) is transformed into pyrrolidinones by formic acid in DMSO without a catalyst. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of an iminium intermediate and a rate-limiting hydride transfer step.

Graphical abstract: Catalyst-free transformation of levulinic acid into pyrrolidinones with formic acid

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C3GC42125B
Article type
Communication
Submitted
13 Oct 2013
Accepted
09 Nov 2013
First published
11 Nov 2013

Green Chem., 2014,16, 1093-1096

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Catalyst-free transformation of levulinic acid into pyrrolidinones with formic acid

Y. Wei, C. Wang, X. Jiang, D. Xue, Z. Liu and J. Xiao, Green Chem., 2014, 16, 1093 DOI: 10.1039/C3GC42125B

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