Iodo-Bodipys as visible-light-absorbing dual-functional photoredox catalysts for preparation of highly functionalized organic compounds by formation of C–C bonds via reductive and oxidative quenching catalytic mechanisms

Abstract

Iodo-Bodipys were used as organic catalysts for three different photoredox catalytic organic reactions, i.e. the aza-Henry reaction of tetrahydroisoquinoline, oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative aromatization tandem reaction between tetrahydroisoquinolines and maleimides, and C–H arylation of heteroarenes with diazonium salts. The organic photocatalysts act as either electron acceptors (reductive quenching) or electron donors (oxidative quenching) in the single electron transfer (SET) of the catalytic cycles. Different from the widely used Ru(bpy)₃[PF₆]₂, Ir(ppy)₃, or halo-xanthane photocatalysts (Eosin Y or Rose Bengal), the new organic photocatalysts show strong absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet excited states, which are beneficial for SET, a crucial step for photoredox catalytic organic reactions. Moreover, the molecular structures of the new photocatalysts can be easily modified, as a result the absorption wavelength of the photocatalysts was readily tuned from 529 nm to 630 nm. The three different types of organic reactions are accelerated with the new organic photocatalysts (typical reaction times 1–2 h) compared to that catalyzed by Ru(bpy)₃[PF₆]₂ or Ir(ppy)₃ (reaction time: 12–72 h). The C–H arylation of thiophene with phenyl diazonium salts was used to prepare new Bodipy derivatives that show large Stokes shift. Our results are useful for designing of new organic catalysts for photoredox catalytic organic reactions to prepare highly functionalize organic compounds.