Randomly stacked holey graphene anodes for lithium ion batteries with enhanced electrochemical performance

Abstract

Holey graphene (HG) synthesized by a hydrothermal method followed by etching with KOH and ball milling is randomly stacked to form a porous structure. These randomly stacked holey graphene anodes exhibit high rate capability with excellent cycling stability as an anode material for lithium-ion cells. This fascinating electrochemical performance can be ascribed to their specific porous structure, providing numerous active sites for Li⁺ insertion, reduced effective diffusion distance for the Li⁺ ions, high electrical conductivity, low charge-transfer resistance across the electrolyte–electrode interface, and improved structural stability against the local volume change during Li⁺ insertion–extraction.