Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography for analyzing complex samples: recent new advances

Abstract

Comprehensive two dimensional chromatography (C2DC) including comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), comprehensive two dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) and comprehensive two dimensional supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC × SFC) has become an effective tool to separate complex samples. GC × GC is suitable for the separation of volatile and semi-volatile compounds while LC × LC and SFC × SFC for semi- and non-volatile compounds. This review highlights the fundamental advances of C2DC on the interface techniques, orthogonality and data handling in recent years. The C2DC methods were applied in petrochemicals, medicines, foods, metabolomics, environment, etc.