Alkylaluminum dichloride–ether complexes which are fully soluble in hydrocarbons as catalysts for the synthesis of exo-olefin terminated polyisobutylene at room temperature

Abstract

The cationic polymerization of isobutylene using RAlCl₂ × nOⁱPr₂-based initiating systems (R = Me, Et, ⁱBu; n = 0.6–1) in non-polar n-hexane at 10 °C and with high monomer concentrations ([M] = 2.8–5.8 M) has been investigated. Among the complexes of alkylaluminum dichlorides with diisopropyl ether the best results in terms of exo-olefin content and monomer conversion were obtained with EtAlCl₂ × nOⁱPr₂ and ⁱBuAlCl₂ × nOⁱPr₂ where n = 0.8–0.9. These initiating systems afforded polyisobutylenes with the desired low molecular weight (M_n = 1000–1500 g mol⁻¹) and high exo-olefin terminal group content (85–95%) in a moderate yield (30–60%). The use of a “delayed proton abstraction” approach, i.e. when the polymerization of IB is co-initiated by RAlCl₂ and separately added ether, allowed an increase in both the reaction rate and the ultimate monomer conversion (70% in less than 15 min), while the exo-olefin end group content remained high (85%). In addition, RAlCl₂ × OⁱPr₂-based initiating systems showed high activity and selectivity towards the polymerization of mixed C₄ feed.