Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of AuPd nanoalloy decorated ZnO-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites

Abstract

Inhibition of electron–hole pair recombination is the most desirable solution for stimulating photocatalytic activity in semiconductor nanostructures. To implement this, herein we study the photocatalytic efficiency of elemental Au, Pd and bimetallic AuPd nanoalloy decorated pristine and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybridized ZnO nanorods for degrading rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye. Fabrication of Au, Pd and AuPd nanoalloy on pristine and RGO modified ZnO nanorods is simple and more importantly surfactant or polymer free. AuPd nanoalloyed ZnO–RGO nanocomposites exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for degrading dye than both Au and Pd hybridized ones, indicating the promising potential of bimetallic nanoalloys over elemental components. A non-monotonic dependence on the composite composition was found by analyzing photodegradation efficiency of a series of ZnO–RGO–AuPd hybrid nanostructures with different weight percentages of RGO. The hybrid nanostructure ZnO–RGO (5 wt%)–AuPd (1 wt%) exhibits highest photodegradation efficiency (∼100% degradation in 20 min) with an improvement in rate constant (k) by a factor of 10 compared to that of the ZnO–RGO nanocomposite. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity is attributed to the better separation of photogenerated charge carriers in photocatalysts thereby suggesting possible usefulness in a broad range of applications, such as sensing, photocatalysis and solar energy conversion.