Issue 67, 2015

Unsaturated aldehydes: a novel route for the synthesis of pyridine and 3-picoline

Abstract

A novel reaction pathway was developed for the synthesis of pyridine and 3-picoline from the condensation of gas-phase acrolein dimethyl acetal or acrolein diethyl acetal and ammonia over various catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. ZnO loaded on alkaline–acid sequentially-treated HZSM-5, namely ZnO/HZSM-5-At-acid, was prepared and employed in these reactions for the first time. 3-Picoline, without the generation of 4-picoline, was obtained from the condensation of acrolein dimethyl acetal and ammonia. The ZnO/HZSM-5-At-acid catalyst was proven to be the most promising catalyst relative to other catalysts in this study. The stability of the ZnO/HZSM-5-At-acid catalyst was remarkably higher than that of the ZnO/HZSM-5 catalyst. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, XPS, UV-vis DRS, N2-physisorption, NH3-TPD and TG technologies and the results revealed that the pore structure, acidity and location of ZnO had great influence on the total yield of pyridine and 3-picoline, and the catalyst stability.

Graphical abstract: Unsaturated aldehydes: a novel route for the synthesis of pyridine and 3-picoline

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
26 Dec 2014
Accepted
23 Feb 2015
First published
23 Feb 2015

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 54090-54101

Unsaturated aldehydes: a novel route for the synthesis of pyridine and 3-picoline

C. Luo and Z. Chao, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 54090 DOI: 10.1039/C4RA17098A

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