Supramolecular polymeric vesicles formed by p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and chitosan with multistimuli responses

Abstract

Supramolecular polymeric vesicles are constructed by the complexation of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and chitosan, where the multivalent electrostatic interactions between the anionic sulfonate tetramer and cationic polyammoniums served as the dominant driving force. The supra-amphiphilic assemblies are disassembled upon exposure to a pH stimulus since the partial deprotonation of chitosan accompanied by a pH increase. Adding a competitive guest can also disrupt the assembly, representing the host–guest inclusion response. Interestingly, an abnormal temperature-response is observed, possibly as a result of the temperature-directed fusion process.