Synthesis of ionic liquid-modified BiPO4 microspheres with hierarchical flower-like architectures and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Abstract

In this work, hierarchical flower-like BiPO₄ microspheres were successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction of bismuth nitrate with [C₄mim][PF₆] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) in water at 160 °C, where the ionic liquid could act as a phosphorus source, surface modified agent and template. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared BiPO₄ samples were evaluated by decolorization of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. It was found that the BiPO₄ sample modified with ionic liquid (IL-BiPO₄) exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in comparison with the unmodified one prepared in the absence of [C₄mim][PF₆]. In addition, the effect of ionic liquid modification on the improved photocatalytic activity was investigated in detail and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for IL-BiPO₄. It is suggested that the significantly improved photocatalytic activity of IL-BiPO₄ could be mainly attributed to trapping of the photoinduced electron at the conduction band of IL-BiPO₄ and thus effectively improving the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron–hole pairs due to ionic liquid modification.