Issue 6, 2016

High energy density hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery with superior ultra-low temperature performance

Abstract

The development of high energy density rechargeable Mg-based batteries operating in a wide electrochemical window and ultra-low temperature remains a great challenge owing to parasitic side reactions between electrolytes and battery components when examined at high operating potentials (above 2.0 V vs. Mg2+/Mg). Herein we propose a flexible pyrolytic graphitic film (GF) as a reliable current collector of high-voltage cathodes for a hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery within a pouch cell configuration. The utilization of such a highly electrochemical stable GF unlocks the critical bottleneck of incompatibility among all battery parts, especially parasitic corrosive reactions between electrolytes and currently available current collectors, which takes a big step forward towards the practical applications of Mg-based batteries. With an operating potential of 2.4 V, the hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery designed by us can deliver a maximum energy density of 382.2 W h kg−1, which significantly surpasses that of the conventional Mg battery (about 60 W h kg−1), and the Al battery (about 40 W h kg−1) as well as the state-of-the-art hybrid Na/Mg and Li/Mg batteries. The electrochemical property of the hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery is also characterized by higher rate capability (68.8 mA h g−1 at 3.0C), higher coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, and better cyclic stability (98% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1.0C). In addition, the designed hybrid battery delivers excellent electrochemical performance at an ultra-low temperature of −40 °C, at which it retains 77% capacity compared to that of room temperature. Our strategy opens up a new possibility for widespread applications of graphitic current collectors towards high energy rechargeable Mg-based hybrid batteries, especially applied in polar regions, aerospace, and deep offshore waters.

Graphical abstract: High energy density hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery with superior ultra-low temperature performance

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
25 Nov 2015
Accepted
13 Jan 2016
First published
13 Jan 2016

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016,4, 2277-2285

Author version available

High energy density hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery with superior ultra-low temperature performance

Z. Zhang, H. Xu, Z. Cui, P. Hu, J. Chai, H. Du, J. He, J. Zhang, X. Zhou, P. Han, G. Cui and L. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 2277 DOI: 10.1039/C5TA09591C

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