Electron spin dynamics and spin–lattice relaxation of trityl radicals in frozen solutions

Abstract

Electron spin–lattice relaxation of two trityl radicals, d₂₄-OX063 and Finland trityl, were studied under conditions relevant to their use in dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The dependence of relaxation kinetics on temperature up to 100 K and on concentration up to 60 mM was obtained at X- and W-bands (0.35 and 3.5 Tesla, respectively). The relaxation is quite similar at both bands and for both trityl radicals. At concentrations typical for DNP, relaxation is mediated by excitation transfer and spin-diffusion to fast-relaxing centers identified as triads of trityl radicals that spontaneously form in the frozen samples. These centers relax by an Orbach–Aminov mechanism and determine the relaxation, saturation and electron spin dynamics during DNP.