Promoting effect of zirconium oxide on Cu–Al2O3 catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol

Abstract

In this work, ZrO₂-promoted Cu–Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared by the co-precipitation method were used for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol in a fixed-bed reactor. These catalysts were fully characterized by BET, ICP, N₂O chemisorption, XRD, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, XPS, TEM and TGA. The relationship between the catalytic activity and the metal–support interaction was studied in detail. The experimental results showed that the addition of ZrO₂ to Cu–Al₂O₃ could greatly enhance glycerol conversion and 1,2-propanediol selectivity. This improvement was related to the increase in the acidity and Cu dispersion on the catalytic surface. The optimal 20ZrCu–Al₂O₃ catalyst attained 97.1% glycerol conversion and 95.3% 1,2-propanediol selectivity. Furthermore, the effects of process parameters like solvent, reaction temperature, operating pressure, glycerol concentration and liquid flow rate on glycerol hydrogenolysis together with the catalyst stability were deeply investigated. Compared with the Cu–Al₂O₃ catalyst, the ZrO₂-promoted Cu–Al₂O₃ catalyst had better stability and potential for practical application, which was likely due to the high Cu dispersion and strong interaction between copper and zirconium species.