Retracted Article: One pot green preparation of Seabuckthorn silver nanoparticles (SBT@AgNPs) featuring high stability and longevity, antibacterial, antioxidant potential: a nano disinfectant future perspective

Abstract

In recent years antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi and development of effective therapeutics is a major challenge to the scientific community. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) well know antimicrobials, but limited information available on the effect of ‘Phytosynthesis’ and there clinical applications. Phytochemicals occluded in Seabuckthorn (SBT) have been extensively used as dietary supplements and as natural pharmaceuticals in the treatment of various diseases including human cancer. In this context, we present a kind of eco-friendly, economically viable, possible to commercialization, free from chemical agents and rapid preparation of SBT@AgNPs employing the leaves extracts of Seabuckthorn (SBT). The SBT leaf extracts the rich source of organic acids and inorganic compounds may be envisaged for the formation of the SBT@AgNPs at room temperature (25 °C ± 1.5 for 60 minutes). Physicochemical properties of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The results depicted that SBT leaf mediated SBT@AgNPs are spherical with an average particles size of ∼10–40 nm. The present SBT@AgNPs has shown long time stability (one year), indicated by their unchanged SPR band, TEM image, and zeta-potential value. The evaluation of antimicrobial properties of SBT@AgNPs indicated significant inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains even at much lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (2 μg mL⁻¹). Live and dead bacterial assay with confocal microscopy image demonstrated that the SBT@AgNPs disrupt the bacterial cell membrane which subsequently results in cellular material leakage and cell death. Antioxidant assay results suggest that DPPH radical scavengers increased more than 10 fold efficacy as compared to SBT leaves extract. Interestingly, this study also demonstrated that SBT@AgNPs impregnated paper preparation and there antibacterial activity against bacterial cocktail, the results shown that higher than the commercially available medicated dressing materials and deterioration and longevity of SBT@AgNPs impregnated paper also studied. Overall, the present study has disclosed a sustainable and green preparation of SBT@AgNPs and depicted their antibacterial, antioxidant agents and routine infection-control in day to day life. We strongly believe that SBT@AgNPs has great potential as an effective antibacterial tool for controlling and prevention of currently emerging bacterial infections in everyday life.