Tellurene based chemical sensor

Abstract

Chemiresistive sensor devices using two-dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively studied. However, so far no single material has all the desirable attributes. For example, graphene and MXenes lack a band gap, transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS₂) lack high sensitivity, while phosphorene exhibits poor air-stability. Here we report that tellurene, a new emergent single-element 2D material, excels as a sensor for NO₂ detection. Devices based on tellurene exhibit a detection limit of ∼25 ppb, large detection range (from 25 ppb to 5 ppm), baseline noise as low as ∼0.5%, and excellent “selectivity” to NO₂ even in the presence of cross-contaminants such as CO, SO₂, H₂S, acetone and ethanol. Density functional theory calculations indicate that large adsorption energy and intense charge redistribution are the reasons for the high sensitivity and selectivity of tellurene for NO₂ detection. Further, we find that “heat-pulsing” enables fast sensor response and recovery time, without damaging the tellurene sheets. Most importantly, tellurene exhibits outstanding air-stability, making it a promising candidate for next-generation chemical sensors.