Modified zeolites for the removal of calcium and magnesium from hard water
Abstract
The cation-exchange capacity (cec) and the pore size of zeolite materials are the two key factors which influence the removal of calcium and magnesium in aqueous solution. Na–X and Na–Y zeolites have been modified by selective extraction of Si from the zeolite framework using sodium carbonate. At ambient temperature, the modified Na–X zeolite was more efficient than the Na–A commercially used in detergency, for both Ca and Mg ions.