Treatment of phenols (1) with 2 mol equiv. of paraformaldehyde in aprotic and poorly electron-donating solvents in the presence of selected metal halides coupled with suitable bases produces salicylaldehydes (3) in high yields. The route is highly selective for ortho-formylation and also specific towards monoformylation. The crucial role of added bases is emphasized.
G. Casiraghi, G. Casnati, G. Puglia, G. Sartori and G. Terenghi, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1980, 1862 DOI: 10.1039/P19800001862
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