V2O5–Conductive polymer nanocables with built-in local electric field derived from interfacial oxygen vacancies for high energy density supercapacitors

Abstract

Generating oxygen vacancies (Vö) in vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) has been demonstrated as an effective approach to tailor its electrochemical properties. The present study investigates three different kinds of conductive polymer (CP = PPy, PEDOT, and PANI) coated V₂O₅ nanofibers with Vö generated at the interface during the polymerization process. Surface Vö form a local electric field and promote the charge transfer kinetics of the resulting Vö-V₂O₅/CP nanocables, and the accompanying V⁴⁺ and V³⁺ ions may also catalyze the redox reactions and improve the supercapacitor performance. The differences and similarities of three different CP coatings have been compared and discussed, and are dependent on their polymerization conditions and coating thickness. The distribution of Vö in the surface layer and in the bulk has been elaborated and the corresponding effects on the electrochemical properties and supercapacitor performance have also been investigated. Vö-V₂O₅/CP can deliver a high capacity of up to 614 F g⁻¹ at a current rate of 0.5 A g⁻¹ and supercapacitors with Vö-V₂O₅/CP demonstrated excellent cycling stability over 15 000 cycles at a rate of 10 A g⁻¹.