Large-scale synthesis of LiMn2O4 cathode materials via a rheology-assisted solid-phase method using citric acid

Abstract

Although they possess a high working voltage and environmental compatibility, and are low in cost with abundant resources, the poor cycling performance and rapid capacity attenuation of LiMn₂O₄ cathodes at high temperature restrict their extensive application. In this study, LiMn₂O₄ materials are synthesized by a simple rheology-assisted solid-phase method using citric acid as an additive. The citric acid improves the uniformity of the mixed raw materials, resulting in a reduction in particle agglomeration. Consequently, the synthesized LiMn₂O₄ shows an initial capacity of 117.4 mA h g⁻¹ with a capacity retention of 79.50% at 2C after 300 cycles and 54.78% of the initial discharge capacity at 20C. This work provides a strategy for modifying multicomponent transition metal oxides for advanced lithium-ion batteries.